So, you thought once we demolished Al Qa’ida, the world would be a safer place did you?
I’ve compiled this for my own benefit as much as for the readers of my blog.
Resistance movements, insurgents, freedom fighters, terrorists and separatists...
Sources are all from Wikipedia, my thanks to them.
Mind you, this is only the tip of the iceberg.
Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami al-Filastini, better known as Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), was formed in 1979 by Islamic fundamentalist Fathi Shaqaqi and other radical Palestinian students in Egypt who had split from the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood in the Gaza Strip whom they deemed too moderate. The 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran influenced the group's founder, Shaqaqi, who believed the liberation of Palestine would unite the Arab and Muslim world into a single great Islamic state. Today, PIJ is committed to the creation of an Islamic Palestinian state and the destruction of Israel through a jihad (holy war).
PLO
Arab League in 1964, its goal was the destruction of the State of Israel through armed struggle. It was initially controlled for the most part by the Egyptian government. The original PLO Charter stressed Israel's annihilation, as well as a right of return and self-determination for Palestinian Arabs, during Jordan's and Egypt's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, respectively. Palestinian statehood was not mentioned, although later the PLO adopted the idea of an independent state between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea.[2] More recently, the PLO officially adopted a two-state solution, with Israel and Palestine living side by side contingent on specific terms such as making East Jerusalem capital of the Palestinian state and giving Palestinians right of return.[3] although many Palestinian leaders, including Yasser Arafat and Faisal Husseini have declared their goal is still "liberation" of all of Palestine.[2][4] , In 1993, PLO chairman Yasser Arafat recognized the State of Israel in an official letter to its prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin. In response to Arafat's letter, Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. Arafat was the Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee from 1969 until his death in 2004. He was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen).
Intifada
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)
JI has its roots in Darul Islam (DI, meaning “House of Islam”), a radical movement in Indonesia in the 1940s. JI was founded on 1 Jan 1993 by DI leaders Abu Bakar Bashir and Abdullah Sungkar while hiding in Malaysia from the persecution of the Suharto Government. After the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, both men returned to Indonesia. where it gained a terrorist edge when one of its founders, the late Abdullah Sungkar, established contact with Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.
Darul Islam
Islamic group in Indonesia that is more closely related to extremists than to Jemaah Islamiyah. It was started in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias, coordinated by a charismatic radical Muslim politician, Kartosuwiryo. The group recognised only Shari'a as a valid source of law.
Hezbollah
Hezbollah (meaning "party of God") is a Shi'a Islamic political and paramilitary organization based in Lebanon. It follows a distinct version of Islamic Shi'a ideology developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Islamic Revolution in Iran.
Hezbollah began to take shape during the Lebanese Civil War with three main goals comprised of the eradication of what it viewed as Western colonialism in Lebanon, the bringing to justice of those who committed atrocities during the war (specifically the Phalangists), and to establishing an Islamic government in Lebanon. Hezbollah has realized that the goal of transforming Lebanon into an Islamic state is not practical at this time and has temporarily abandoned it.
Hamas
Hamas ;or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or "Islamic Resistance Movement"; the Arabic acronym means "zeal") is a Palestinian Islamist organization that currently (since January 2006) forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority.
Created in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin of the Gaza wing of the Muslim Brotherhood at the beginning of the First Intifada, Hamas is best known outside the Palestinian territories for its suicide bombings and other attacks directed against Israeli civilians, as well as military and security forces targets. However, Hamas's supporters see it as a legitimate resistance movement defending Palestinians from what they see as a brutal Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories. Hamas' charter (written in 1988 and still in effect) calls for the destruction of the State of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian Islamic state in the area that is now Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Vehemently anti-Israel and according to many anti-Semitic, its charter states: "There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad."
Al Fatah
The movement, which espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestine would be liberated by the actions of Palestinian Arabs, was founded in 1958 or 1959 by members of the Palestinian diaspora - principally professionals working in the Gulf States who had been refugees in Gaza and had gone on to study in Cairo. Yasser Arafat was head of the Palestinian student movement in Cairo from 1952 to 1956. Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the 1967 Six-Day War dealt the coup de grâce to the Arab nationalism that had inspired George Habash's Arab Nationalist Movement. The November 1959 edition of Fatah's underground journal, Filastinuna, indicated that the movement was motivated by the status of the Palestinian refugees in the Arab world.
The Muslim Brotherhood
The Muslim Brotherhood or The Muslim Brothers, full title "The Society of the Muslim Brothers", often simply, "the Brotherhood" or "MB") is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement founded by the sufi Islamic lawyer Hassan al-Banna in 1928. It has spawned several offshoot organizations in the Middle East, dedicated to the credo: "God is our objective, the Quran is our Constitution, the Prophet is our leader, struggle is our way ..." The MB is the largest opposition force in many Arab nations, especially Egypt, is the worlds largest most influential Islamic group and seeks to install in stages an Islamic Caliphate across the Muslim world. Members are regularly arbitrarily arrested; the regime of Hosni Mubarak has obstructed the party's attempts to field candidates in elections, with sweeping arrests or harassment of activists just before elections, riot police killing voters and blocking access to polling booths in MB strongholds, government supporters killing voters and MB supporters, in elections that have been scarred by accusations of vote rigging.
Since its inception in 1928 the movement has officially opposed violent means to achieve it's goals, with some exceptions such as in the Israeli Palestinian conflict or to overthrow secular Ba'athist rule in Syria (see Hama massacre). This official position has been questioned, primarily by the Egyptian government who accused it of a campaign of killings in Egypt after World War II.
This position of non-violence has at times caused disputes within the movement and led to the formation of more radical, violent groups such as the Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Group) and Al Takfir Wal Hijra (Excommunication and Migration). Osama bin Laden, while studying at a university, was impressed by the ideological ideas of several professors with strong ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, although bin Laden now differs significantly with the MB in creed (Aqeeda), theology and methods. The MB has repudiated bin Laden and Al-Qaida.
Among the Brotherhood's more influential members was Sayyid Qutb. Sayyid is author of one of the Brotherhood’s most important books, Milestones, which called for the restoration of Islam by re-establishing Sharia law and by using "physical power and Jihad for abolishing the organizations and authorities of the Jahili system," which he believed to include the entire Muslim world.
Takfir wal-Hijra - Excommunication and Exodus is a violent Islamic Salafi extremist group who emerged in Egypt in the 1960s. Today Takfir wal-Hijra has members or supporters in several other countries, allied to Al-Qaeda. In Spain the group is also known as Martyrs for Morocco.
Members of the group are radical Islamists who are not bound by the usual Islamic religious constraints. They adopt non-Islamic appearances such as shaving their beard and wearing a tie in order to blend into crowds and make themselves hard to detect even to other Muslims. They can drink alcohol and even eat pork to deceive their enemies. They believe that any means justify the end and, that killing other Muslims can be justified in their cause and that Western society is heathen and it is their duty to destroy it
Little is known about the current organization or hierarchy of the group. Several groups which adhere to the same ideology have possibly used the name independently of each other.
Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya
The cleric Omar Abdel-Rahman is the spiritual leader of the movement. He was accused of conspiring to bomb the World Trade Center in 1993 but was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for his espousal of a subsequent conspiracy to bomb New York landmarks, including the United Nations and FBI offices. The Islamic Group has publicly threatened to retaliate against the United States unless Rahman is released from prison. However, the group has recently renounced violence and their leaders and members were released from prison in Egypt.
The Arab Nationalist Movement
The Arab Nationalist Movement had its origins in a student group led by George Habash at the American University of Beirut which emerged in the late 1940s. In the mid-1950s Habash and his followers joined a larger student group led by Constantin Zureiq. The group's ideology owed much to Zureiq's thinking: it was revolutionary and pan-Arabist. It placed emphasis on the formation of a nationally conscious intellectual elite which would play a vanguard role in a revolution of Arab consciousness, leading to Arab unity and social progress. Ideologically, it was committed to socialism and secularism. Its Arab nationalist approach meant an uncompromising hostility to Western imperialism in general, and Israel in particular, as the movement took a lead in the formation of anti-Zionist doctrine.
Lashkar-e-Toiba
Pakistan based Lashkar-e-Toiba is a militant group that seeks the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir's accession to Pakistan. It has committed mass militant actions against Indian troops. The Lashkar leadership describes Indian and Israeli regimes as the main enemies of Islam, claiming India and Israel to be the main enemies of Pakistan.. Lashkar-e-Toiba, along with Jaish-e-Mohammed, another militant group active in Kashmir are on the United States’ foreign terrorist organizations list. They are also designated as terrorist groups by the regimes of UK, India, Australia and Pakistan under the umbrella of America's war on terrorism.
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Jaish-e-Mohammed, literally The Army of Muhammad, transliterated as Jaish-e-Muhammed, Jaish-e-Mohammad or Jaish-e-Muhammad, often abbreviated as JEM) is a major Islamic militant organization in South Asia. Jaish-e-Mohammed was formed in 1994 and is based in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The group's primary motive is to end India's rule in Kashmir and have carried out a series of attacks all over India.
The group was formed after the supporters of Maulana Masood Azhar split from another Islamic militant organization, Harkut-ul-Mujahideen. It is believed that the group is funded by Pakistani expatrates in the United Kingdom. The group is regarded as a terrorist organization by several countries including India, United States and United Kingdom.
Harkat-ul - Mujahideen
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen ; abbreviated HUM) is a Pakistani Islamic militant group. It was established in 1985 initially opposing the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. The founders of the group had splintered from Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami.
It claims to be a Jihadi organisation "with the prime objective of providing awareness with regard to Jihad". It is an anti-Hindu organisation.
In 1989, at the end of Soviet-Afghan war, the group entered Kashmiri politics by use of militants under the leadership of Sajjad Afghani. In 1993 the group merged with Harkat-ul-Jehad-al-Islami to form Harkat-ul-Ansar. Immediately following the merger India arrested three senior members: Nasrullah Mansur Langaryal, chief of the former Harkat-ul Mujahideen in November 1993; Maulana Masood Azhar, General Secretary in February 1994, and Sajjad Afghani (Sajjad Sajid) in the same month in Srinagar.
Harkat-ul-Ansar
Harkat-ul-Ansar (HUA) was an Islamic militant organization founded in 1993. It was the result of a merger between the groups Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HUM) and Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HuJI). Many of its operations were conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.
Soon after its founding, several members of its leadership were arrested by Indian Security Forces. In November 1993 the former head of HUM, Nasrullah Mansur Langrayal, was arrested. In February of 1994, Maulana Masood Azhar, HUA general secretary, and Sajjad Afghani, the head of the Jammu and Kashmir branch of the group, were captured in Srinagar.
It was labeled a terrorist organization in 1997 by the United States because of its connections with Saudi terrorist Osama bin Laden and because of its efforts to win the release of its leaders. To avoid the repercussion of the ban, it was dissolved back into two separate groups the same year.
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